Female with bladder cancer: what and why is there a difference?

Female with bladder cancer: what and why is there a difference?

While men are at a considerable higher risk of developing urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), women present with more advanced disease stages and seem to experience unfavorable outcomes. Evaluating specific differences in the UCB incidence and outcomes between both genders in the non-muscle invasive, muscle-invasive or locally advanced and metastatic setting, as well as determining the u...

Why Believe That There Is a God?

This article presents an argument for the existence of God, showing that the evident phenomena are best explained by supposing that a God causes them. The argument is based on the inductive force of four very evident general phenomena: that there is a physical Universe; that it is governed by very simple natural laws; that those laws are such as to lead to the existence of human bodies; and tha...

Race, scleroderma, and survival: why is there a difference?

Bladder Cancer and Schistosomiasis: Is There a Difference for the Association?

Bladder cancer represents a significant worldwide health problem with an estimated 386,300 new cases and 150,200 deaths in 2008 worldwide. The majority of bladder cancer occurs in males and there is a 14-fold variation in incidence internationally. The highest incidence rates are found in the countries of Europe, North America, and Northern Africa (Jemal et al.2011). Smoking and occupational ex...

Is there a difference in FDG PET findings of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with and without coexisting DCIS?

Objective(s): Studies have reported that invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) show lower metastatic potential and recurrence and better overall survival than pure IDC. In this study, we assessed F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imagesof patients with newly diagnosed IDC to...